Paulo Freire was a teacher and a philosopher of education. He is famous today
because of his theories of education. He gave his attention to the poor. He wanted to transform the way of being a student.
He wanted to teach poor people how to read, but more importantly, he wanted to teach poor people how to think critically.
In the field of education, his ideas were very new.
Paulo Freire was born in Recife in 1921. During his childhood, Paulo Freire
was poor. Therefore, he knew poverty. He discovered that the primary cause of poverty is the culture of silence. The culture
of silence is not the fault of poor people, but is the result of rich people who wish to maintain their superiority.
The most important way that this happens, Freire said, is through education.
Formal education follows what Freire calles in English the "banking" model. In the "banking" model, the professor gives and
the student receives. The problem with the "banking" model is that it does not help the student to be critical.
Therefore Paulo Freire developed a theory of education that is not about learning
facts and information, but is about learning how to be critical and how to question reality. Social conditions are not permanent,
he said. Society is the creation of humans.
He became famous when he wrote these ideas in this book in 1973. In English,
it is called "Pedagogy of the Oppressed." He wrote that the primary objective of education is conscientizacao. In
English, this word means "consciousness-raising." This is a very important and influential book. As you can read on the cover,
this book has 750,000 copies. This is one of the 750,000 copies. Please pass it around the class.
Teachers apply this educational program across all Latin America. The
programs happen in poor communities, like favelas. There are many favelas in Brazil today that have programs and classes that
use the methods of Paulo Freire. They help students to read the word and read the world. The translation in English is "Read
the word and read the world."
The government of Brazil, which was very conservative in the 1960s, jailed
and exiled Paulo Freire.His ideas were very controversial. Yet, his ideas continued to spread. Although Paulo Freire died
in 1997 in Sao Paulo, his ideas are still alive and are still very important.